Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 购大饼干筒
New words and expression 生词和短语
Influence v.影响 （= have effect on）
-- Literature and art have great influence on people’s ideology.
文学和艺术对人们的思想形态有很大的影响力。
-- ideology n.思想体系, 意识形态, 思想方式
-- Don’t influenced by bad examples. 不要受这些坏事的影响。
Under the influence of… 受…的影响
-- We are under the influence of advertisement.
Have influence over sb. 有左右某人的能力
-- A teacher has influence over his students.
Exercise influence on sb’s behalf
exercise vt.发挥, 实[履]行, 运用, 行使
on sb.‘s behalf 为了某人的利益, 代表某人
behalf n.利益
-- What others think exercises great influence on most of us.
别人的想法对我们多数人产生很大的影响。
-- The boss exercises influence on employee’s behalf.
Influence / affect的区别：
influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”
affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对...产生不利影响”的意思。
The bad examples will affect a lot number of students.
Influential adj.有影响的, 有势力的
Pride v.骄傲 （proud adj.自豪的, 得意的, 骄傲的）
pride oneself on(upon)… 为…而感到骄傲
-- He prided himself on his driving skill.
take pride in… 以...为傲
be proud of… 以...为荣, 以...自豪
pride n.自豪, 自尊(心), 骄傲, 傲慢
in the pride of 处于最佳状态, 处于全盛时期
-- She is still young and in the pride of her beauty.
put one‘s pride in one‘s pocket 忍辱含垢, 抑制自尊心
Taste n.鉴赏力
-- She has excellent taste in dress.
a taste of 尝一口, 尝一点
-- Oh, let me have a taste of your coffee.
in good taste 得体, 大方
-- The beautiful girl is in good taste.
In bad taste 粗俗, 不礼貌
taste of 有什么的味道
-- The dish taste of fish. 这道菜有鱼腥味。
to one’s taste 合某人的口味, 称某人的心愿
-- He did what he wanted to do to his taste.
There is accounting for taste. 【谚】人各有所好。
He who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 不知黄连苦, 哪知蜂蜜甜。
-- Bitter adj.有苦味的, 苦的, 痛苦的
testable adj.(= tasteable)可尝的, 滋味好的
tasteful adj.有鉴赏力的
tasteless adj.没味道的, 无鉴赏力的
taste blindness n.味盲
taste marker 时尚的首创者
Exert v.施加
Exert sth on sb
-- His wife exerted a lot pressure on him to change his job.
-- He likes to exert his authority on us.
Exert oneself to do sth. 努力, 尽力, 出力
-- He never exert himself to study hard.
exert every effect 尽一切努力
exertion n.尽力, 努力, 发挥 n.行使, 运用
Subtle adj.微妙的, 难以捉摸的（敏感的, 敏锐的）
-- He is a subtle observer. 他是一个敏锐的观察家。
Subtly adv.敏锐[感]的, 有辨别力的, 微妙的
Subtlety = Subtleness n.微妙, 明敏, 聪明
Advertiser n.做广告的人
Advertise v.做广告, 登广告
Advertisement n.广告
Advertising n.广告业, 广告 adj.广告的
Classify v.分类
-- The books are classified according to the subject. 这些书已经按学科分类了。
-- subject n.题目, 主题, 科目, 学科
classification n.分类, 分级, 分类法
classified adj.分类的 adj.机密的
classifiable adj.可分类的
classifier n.分类者,分类器
Magic adj.有奇妙作用的
Sample n.样品
Devise v.设计, 想出
Capture v.吸引, 赢得
-- His wonderful performance captured my attention.
Capture vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取
-- The police capture the two thieves.
Manufacturer n.生产厂家, 制造商
Wheelbarrow n.独轮手推车
Boot n.（汽车尾部的）行李箱
Ingredient n.配料
Crane n.起重机
Anticipate v.预期, 预料
Anticipate vt.占先, 抢先, 预料到, 预先做准备
-- Our attack failed because the enemy anticipated.
我们的进攻失败了, 因为敌人预先做了准备。
-- We anticipated the enemy would try to cross the river, so we decided to destroy the bridge.
我们预料到敌人会通过这条河, 所以我们决定把桥摧毁。
Anticipate（vt.期待, 预期）= expect（vt.期待, 预期）
-- We are expecting/anticipating a crowed of people at tonight’s meeting.
Anticipate强调以高兴或恐惧期待所想之事。
-- He is a man who is always anticipating trouble. 他是一个总是把结果想得很坏的人。
-- The students are anticipating a wonderful vacation.（n.假期, 休假）
wanted vt.征求, 招聘（报刊广告等用语）
biscuit n.饼干, 小点心 tin n.罐, 听
avoid vt.避免, 消除
Advertisement n.广告（有两种读音）
Advertise, Advertising, Advertiser（都只有一种读音）
Ourselves
Effort n.努力 Product n.产品, 制品
Close adj.谨慎的, 彻底的, 严格的
Weakness n.弱点, 缺点, 虚弱, 软弱
Enable vt.使能够（有两种读音）
Manufacture vt.制造, 加工
Manufacturer n.制造业者, 制造商
Manufactory n.制造厂, 工厂
Manufacturable adj.可制造的
Manufactured adj.人造的
Bake v.烘焙, 烤
bring in v.生产, 挣得, 介绍引进
barrow n.手推车
weigh vi.重(若干)
come along 一起来, 一道走
boot n.[美]长统靴, [英](汽车的)行李箱
send vt.(sent, sent, sending)送, 寄, 发送
were
weigh vt.称...重量, 称
close （s发z）
lorry n.卡车, 载重汽车（美作：truck）
various adj.不同的, 各种各样的
Text 课文
Who won the prize for the biggest biscuit?
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.
= Advertisements always exerts influence on everybody.
No, avoid双重否定
-- No students can avoid being influenced by their teachers.
Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things
we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.
Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste,…
= Although we may pride ourselves on our good taste very much,…
引导让步状语从句的词有：though, although, as
用as引导让步状语从句时, 句子要采用倒装形式：（adj./adv./n./v.要用在as之前）
1> adj.+ as +主语+谓语
-- Rich as he is, he is not happy. 他虽然有钱, 但是他不幸福。
-- Tired as I was, I tried to help them.
2> adv.+ as +从句
-- Much as I like you, I will not marry you.
-- Much as I hate do it, I must stay home and study English.
3> v.+ as +主语+阻动词
-- Try as they may, they will never success.
-- Object as my parents may, I decide to do it.
采用不同的句子结构、不同的词汇表达同一个语义：
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.
= Advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.
In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close
study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.
Effort n.努力, 成就（需要耗费精神或体力的事情, 不可数名词）
-- It took a lot of effort to lift the box.
-- A great deal of effort has gone into this exhibition.
Effort n.努力（可数名词）
Make every effort
-- We are making every effort to study English.
In one’s effort to do 为了干好某事
-- The company is selling off some of its buildings in their efforts to save money.
-- sell off 廉价卖清
-- In their effort to study English well, they spend a lot of time every day.
本句= Advertisers make every effort in order to sell their products.
Close adj.谨慎的, 彻底的, 严格的
Make a close(careful) study of… 对…做了仔细的研究
Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing.
Discover = find out
Get something for nothing = get something free
-- Free adj.adv.免费的
An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong.
Wrong adv.错误, 不对
-- You‘ve spelt the word wrong. 你把这个单词拼错了。
-- get it wrong 弄错（意思）, 误会
-- go wrong弄错, 变坏了
-- The Big Ben rarely goes wrong.
These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips
round the world as well.
these days n.现在, 目前
Not only…but…as well
They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money.
Devise vt.设计
-- They have devised the best way to have the party.
Enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
-- Hard work will enable us to pass the examination, otherwise, no way.
Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions
of people in this way.
Make it possible for sb to do sth
-- His few material possessions make it possible for him to move form place to place with ease.
-- ease n.容易, 不费力 n.舒适, 悠闲
-- The money he won made it possible for him to make a tour around the world.
Capture the attention of sb
= catch / receive / arrest / draw the attention of sb
During a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to
bake biscuits and send them to their factory.
They offered to pay ＄10 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by a listener.
Baked…：过去分词短语做定语
The response to this competition was tremendous.
response = reaction 反应
Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory.
Before long（不久以后）= soon（adv.立刻, 不久）= shortly（adv.立刻, 不久）
biscuits of all shapes, biscuits of all sizes
shoes of all sizes
One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500 pounds.
A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car.
Occupy（vt.占有, 拥有, 占领, 占据）= take up 占据
All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed.
The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would win the prize.
We (人称代词)后能加sure, 也能加certain（we are sure that…）
It后只能加certain（It is certain that…）
But just before the competition closed, a lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal
biscuit which weighed 2, 400 pounds.
Close = end
Colossal adj.巨大的, 庞大的
It had been baked by a college student who had used over 1, 000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds
20 of sugar, 200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients.
It was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry.
Remove（vt.vi.拿走, 撤走, 除去）= unload（vt.卸货, 卸下）
The manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated, for they bought the
biscuit from the student for ＄24, 000.
than they had anticipated = than they had expected
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1>D
tempt vt.诱惑, 引诱, 吸引, 使感兴趣
disposal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配
promote vt.宣传，推销（商品）
2>A
3>C
4>C be proud of
5>B love doing / love to do
6>A 本句描述的是事实, 不该用if条件语句。
当修饰主语的定语从句过长而谓语过短, 一般将定语从句置于句位。
7>C in length（adv.长度）, in height
in width（adv.宽度方向上）, in weight, in depth
8>D
9>C
some or other (不确定的)某一个 = this or that
one or other 或者这个, 或者那个
10>D attraction n.吸引, 吸引力
11>B occupy（vt.占有, 拥有, 占领, 占据）= take up 占据
12>A
Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 不卖也不买
New words and expression 生词和短语
Philosopher n.哲学家
Wisdom n.智慧 （wise adj.英明的, 明智的, 聪明的）
-- He showed great wisdom. 他展示了非凡的智慧。
-- He is a man of wisdom. = He is a wise man.
cut one‘s wisdom teeth 开始懂事
Priest n.牧师
Spiritual adj.精神上的（adj.非物质的, 精神的, 灵魂的）
-- Spiritual life 精神生活, spiritual need 精神上的需要
spirited adj.精神饱满的, 生机勃勃的, 勇敢的
-- a spirited girl 一个勇敢的女孩
-- low-spirited 沮丧的, high-spirited 兴奋的
-- public-spirited 热心公益的, a spirited debate 热烈的辩论
mental adj.心理的, 智力的
physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的
spirituous adj.酒精的, 含酒精的（liquor n.酒类）
-- spirituous liquor 烈性酒
Grudge v.不愿给, 舍不得给
surgeon n.外科大夫
passer-by n.过路人（复数 passers-by）
dignity n.尊严（高贵）
lose one‘s dignity 丢面子, 失去尊严
-- If you are afraid of losing your dignity, you can’t expect to learn to speak a foreign language.
-- Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity. 她虽然很穷, 但没有失去她的尊严。
Keep/stand on one‘s dignity 保持自已的尊严
pocket one‘s dignity [口]放下架子
with great dignity 仪态大方
-- Ladies and gentlemen should always act with great dignity.
太太先生们的举止应该总是十分端庄体面的。
Dignify vt.使有尊严, 使高贵
Dignified adj.高贵的，有尊严的
deliberately adv.故意地（深思熟虑的, 考虑周到的）
on purpose adv.故意
-- He coughed on purpose to attract my attention.
consequence n.后果, 结果
in consequence 因此, 结果
in consequence of... 因为...的缘故, 由于
take the consequences of… 承担…责任
-- You have to take the consequences of the accidence.
Result 一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果
Effect n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响
Outcome n.结果, 成果（自然的结果）
-- The outcome of the election was in doubt then. 当时大选的结果还看不准。
afflict v.使苦恼, 折磨
be afflicted with… 受…的折磨
-- He is afflicted with a disease (n.疾病, 病)
affliction n.痛苦, 苦恼
afflictive adj.带给人痛苦的, 苦恼的, 难受的
ease n.容易
with ease 熟练地, 轻而易举地
at ease 安逸, 自由自在
be/feel ill at ease 局促不安, 心神不宁
put sb. at his ease 使某人宽心, 使某人感到无拘无束
-- The manager put his shop assistants at their ease. （shop assistant n.店员）
take one‘s ease 安心, 放心
-- I take my ease to study English here.
nature n.大自然
contempt n.蔑视
in contempt of… 不顾…
-- In contempt of his father’s objection he went aboard.（objection n.反对）
hold/have sb. in contempt 鄙视某人 = look down upon sb
-- I hold him in contempt because he has nothing to do every day.
Contemptible adj.可鄙的, 不齿的, 可轻视的
-- He is a contemptible person.
Contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 傲慢的, 轻视的
Despite n.轻视, 怨[憎]恨, 轻蔑, 侮辱
Scorn（n.轻蔑, 嘲笑）
-- pour scorn on 不屑一顾, 嘲弄
Scornful（adj.轻视的，藐视的）
-- Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
他轻蔑地看了她一眼, 告诉她说, 那件衣服卖出去了。
envious adj.嫉妒的（羡慕的）
-- be envious of sb for his success = be envious of sb‘s success
忌妒(羡慕)某人的成功
jealous adj.妒忌的, 羡慕的, 吃醋的
-- She is jealous of our success. 她嫉妒我们的成就。
Tramp vt.vt.徒步走, 徒步旅行
Tramp n.步行, 徒步旅行, 徒步旅行者
Tramp n.流浪者, 乞丐, 妓女
Comfort n.安慰, 舒适
Material adj.物质的 n.材料, 原料
Goods n.商品, 货物
Willing adj.乐意的, 自愿的
Willingly adv.自动地, 欣然地
Precise adj.恰好的, 精确的, 准确的
Precisely adv.正好, 恰恰, 精确地, 准确地
Society n.社会
Skill n.技巧, 技艺, 技能, (专门)技术
General adj.一般的, 普通的
Rule n.常例, 习惯, 规律 n.规则, 惯例
Arouse vt.唤醒, 唤起, 鼓励, 引起
Independence n.独立, 自主
Sacrifice v.牺牲, 献出 n.牺牲, 献身
Choose vt.vi.（chose, chosen, choosing）挑选, 选择
Aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的
Anxiety n.忧虑, 焦急
Care n.烦恼, 忧虑
Felt [felt] （feel的过去式和过去分词）
Text 课文
What is the most important thing for a tramp?
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.
It is said that… 据说…
Live by = to make enough money to feed oneself
Live by… 以某种职业为生
Live on… 依靠某种食物维持生命, 或靠某人生活。
-- Sheep and cows live on grasses.
-- He lives chiefly on fruit. （Chiefly adv.首要, 主要地）
-- Though he is over thirty, he still lives on his parents.
In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling
wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.
In the light of… 按照, 根据, 考虑到, 从...的观点
In the light of = according to = taking into account
-- The theory has been abandoned in the light of modern discovery.
-- In the light of the evidence it was decided to take the manufacturers to court.(n.法院, 庭院)
In accordance with... 依照…(用在法律上, 更加正式)
-- In accordance with the law
-- In accordance with the regulation (n.规则, 规章)
Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is
extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
in terms of 按照, 在...方面, 就…而言, 关于
-- He thinks of every thing in terms of people’s interests.(n.利益)
他依据(按照)人民的利益考虑任何事。
In terms of
= in respect of（关于, 就…来说）, with respect to（关于, 至于, 谈到）
= in/with regard to（关于）, as regards（关于, 至于）
There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we
might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.
There are times when… 有的时候…
Would表达一种心理的愿望, 并不表示过去。
-- There are time when we would willingly give everything we possess to bring our family
happiness.
Grudge vt.吝啬, 不愿给, 勉强给（后面要和名词和动名词搭配）
-- I grudge wasting time on this. 我不愿在这件事上浪费时间。
-- He grudge paying so much money for such bad food.
The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods
are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
The conditions of society are such = Such are the conditions of society
Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.
They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.
Require sth from…
In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.
In seeking independence = In the course of seeking independence
In和动名词搭配, 表示在…的过程当中。
-- In speaking to him, I found that he stammers.（v.口吃, 结巴着说出）
On和动名词搭配, 表示一…就…
-- In crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.（adj.脱去的, 解开的, 放松的）
在进入大厅的时候, 我注意到我的鞋带松了。
-- On crossing the hall, I noticed my shoes was undone.
一进入大厅的时候, 我就注意到我的鞋带松了。
A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.
He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.
Fully = completely
He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands
of anxieties which afflict other people.
be free from… 不受…的影响, 免于...（= without）
-- The old lady is never free from pain.
-- free from error 没有错误, free from anxiety 没有忧虑
-- He is leading a life free from care and anxieties.
Care（n.烦恼, 忧虑） anxiety（n.忧虑, 焦急, 渴望, 热望）
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.
Make it possible for sb to do sth
By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever
do.
He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real
need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.
keep oneself alive 为了生存
We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but
how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of
life and their freedom from care?
With +名词（表示具有、带有）
-- How many of us can honestly say that we wouldn’t like to learn English well?
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1>A circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况
2>D criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的
compensate v.偿还, 补偿
inconvenience n.麻烦, 不方便之处
3>B in moments of truth = truly
undignified adj.无尊严的
compare v.比较, 相比, 比喻 n.比较
burden v.负担 n.担子, 负担
livelihood n.生计, 谋生
4>B
5>B a中的have to用的不恰当
对两者的否定
Neither…nor…
Nothing…nor…
Nor位于句首, 倒装。
6>B
7>D contemptuously adv.轻蔑地
speak of 谈及, 说到
speak for 代表...讲话, 为…辩护
speak on 就…而发言
speak to 与…谈话, 向...说
8>C
9>C
financial adj.财政的, 金融的
insure vt.给...保险 v.确保
sickness n.患病, 疾病, 不适, 恶心
10>
from place to place 从一个地方到另一个地方; 各地, 到处
= here and there 各处, 到处
one way or another 无论如何, 某种方法
in every sense 在各种意义上
-- He is a cheat in every sense.（cheat n.欺骗, 骗子）
11>B to survive = keep himself alive
12>C
look down upon/on 蔑视, 瞧不起
convict vt.（常与of连用）证明有…罪；宣判有…罪
-- He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。
Blame vt.（常与for连用）责备, 谴责 n.过失, 责备
-- She blamed me for the accident.
Condemn vt.判刑, 处刑（常与to连用）判以死刑或无期徒刑
be condemned to death 被判死刑
-- The prisoner was condemned to death.
Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear 五镑也太贵
New words and expression 生词和短语
Wares n.货物, 商品
Ware n.器皿, 陶器, 物品（总称, 常用于复合词）
-- silverware 银器 / ironware 铁器 / chinaware 陶器 / glassware 玻璃器皿
-- software 软件 / hardware 五金器具, (电脑的)硬件
-- a popular ware 热门货 / small wares 小百货
goods n.商品, 货物（商店里出售的物品）
-- half-done goods 半成品 / home made goods = native goods 国货
-- leather goods 皮件 / frozen goods 冻结货物 / consumer goods 日用消费品
commodity n.商品, 物品（总称, 正式的经济学术语）
-- commodity price 商品价格, commodity economy 商品经济
-- commodity market 商品市场, agricultural commodity 农产品
Anchor v.停航下锚
Deck n.甲板
Silverware n.银器
Tempt v.吸引, 引诱
Tempt sb to do sth 吸引某人做某事
Temptation n.勾引, 诱惑, 引诱
-- The temptation to steal is greater than ever before - especially in large shops.
偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候更强烈了,在大商店里尤其如此。
Tempting adj.诱惑人的, 吸引人的 = （attractive adj.吸引人的, 有魅力的）
Bargain v.讨价还价
Bargain n.交易, 合同交易, 协议
-- a good bargain 赚钱的生意 / make a bargain 成交, 达成协议
-- drive a hard bargain with sb 极力和某人讨价还价
-- bargain with sb for sth. 和某人就某事讨价还价
-- bargain away 议价出售
Disembark v.下船上岸（= debark）
Embark v.上船, 上飞机
-- He disembarked. 他下船上了岸。
-- He decided to embark. 他决定上船。
Assail v.纠缠
-- He was assailed with worries.
Afflict vt.使痛苦, 折磨
-- Tramps can keep free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.
Marble n.小玻璃球
Inscribe v.刻写, 雕
Favour n.好处, 优惠
in favor of 赞成, 支持
-- I am in favor of stopping work now. 我赞成现在停止工作。
in sb.‘s favor 得某人欢心, 对某人有利
-- The situation, both at home and aboard, is in our favor.
out of favor 失宠, 不利
by favor of sb 请面交给某人(信封上用语)
do sb a favor 给某人恩惠
favorite adj.心爱的, 受宠的
favorite n.受宠的人或物
favorable adj.赞成的, 赞许的, 讨人喜欢的
Gesticulate v.（讲话时）打手势
Outrageous adj.出人预料的, 令人不悦的
-- He played an outrageous joke.
Outrage n.暴行, 侮辱, 愤怒 vt.凌辱, 强奸, 虐待, 伤害, 迫害
Rage n.愤怒, 情绪激动, 狂暴, 精神错乱
-- My father was in a rage last night. 我父亲昨天晚上十分生气。
fly into a rage 勃然大怒
Thrust v.硬塞给
Thrust sth into… 塞进…
-- He thrust the pen into my hand.
Thrust aside 推开
-- He thrust the girl aside.
Thrust oneself forward
-- He thrust himself forward in the crowd.
thrust oneself in 强行闯入, 干涉, 探听（= thrust one‘s nose into）
-- Don’t thrust yourself in private sth.
thrust sth. on/upon sb. 强卖给某人
-- Don’t thrust your idea on me. = Don’t exert your idea on me.
thrust out 推出, 逐出, 解雇
other words:
speed vt.vi.（speeded, speeded, speeding）或（sped, sped, speeding）
liner n.班机, 定期轮船
rug n.(小)地毯, 垫子
Persia n.波斯（西南亚国家，现在的伊朗）
Iran n.伊朗
Iranian adj.伊朗的 n.伊朗人（= Irani）
Silk n.蚕丝, 丝, 丝绸, 绸缎
copper n.铜, 警察
tradesman n.零售商, 工匠, 手艺人
conceal vt.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒
diamond n.钻石, 菱形
intention n.计划, 目的
firmly adv.强有力的
approach vt.vi.走近, 靠近
close adj.近的, 近亲的, 紧密的, 严格的
neat adj.整齐的, 整洁的
indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示
hold up v.举起, 支撑, 继续下去
wildly adv.狂暴的, 激动的, 愤怒的 adv.野的, 野生的, 野性的
offer n.出价, 提议
eventual adj.最后的, 结果的
-- eventual success [failure] 最后的成功[失败]
eventually adv.最后, 终于, 结果
shrug vt.vi.（表示怀疑或不感兴趣）耸肩
shoulder n.肩, 肩部, 侧翼
readily adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地
throw up 猛地举起
especially adv.特别, 尤其
Text 课文
Why was even five pounds‘too dear’?
Dear（adj.昂贵的）= Costly（adj.昂贵的, 贵重的）= Expensive（adj.费钱的, 昂贵的）
Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.
Small boats sped to the great liner（主干）
Loaded with 装载, 运载 = filled with
-- The boat was loaded with wooden goods.
Loaded with wares为过去分词做定语修饰boats（= that was loaded with wares）
Speed v.迅速驶向
-- Speed down hill 向山下疾驶 / Speed up hill 向山上疾驶
Speed by迅速驶过
-- Our holiday speed by. 我们的假期迅速过去。
Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were
soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and
beautiful handmade silverware.
The men (coming) from the boat 小船上的人们
-- a plane (coming) from New York
on board 在船上, 在公共交通工具内
be covered with 盖着, 覆着
handmade adj.手工的, 手制的
It was difficult not to be tempted.（双重否定）
-- It was difficult/impossible not to be tempted by the beautiful shoes.
Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked.
Tradesman n.零售商, 工匠
bargain with sb 和某人讨价还价
on board 介词短语修饰tourists
not…until…
-- 我决定回家之前什么都不做 I decided to do nothing until I had got home.
-- They didn’t reach the school until they had already passed by two village.
I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a
diamond ring.
had no sooner…than… （no sooner位于句首要倒装）
I had no sooner got off the ship than = no sooner had I got off the ship than
一…就…的表达方式：
-- as soon as / the moment that / on doing
-- had no sooner…than… / had hardly…when…
I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the
size of the diamonds.
I have no intention of doing 不打算做某事
-- I have no intention of changing my mind.
-- He said has no intention of looking for another job.
The fact that（that引导的是同位语, 不能换成which）
I could not conceal the fact that… 我不能隐藏…事实
-- He could not conceal the fact that he was taken in.（take in 欺骗）
impress vt.留下印象
be impressed by/at/with… 被…深深打动/感动
-- I was most impressed by his behavior.
What impressed me most was… 给我印象最深的是…
-- What impressed me most was the beauty here.
Impression n.印象
Make/create a bad impression on sb. 给某人留下不良的印象
-- If you don’t work hard, it will make a bad impression on the boss.
Make/create quite an impression on sb. 给某人留下极深的印象
-- Your speech makes quite an impression on me.
Impression n.印, 印痕
-- The dog left the impression of his paws in the wet cement.（n.水泥）
-- He made a deep impression in the glass.
Some of them were as big as marbles.
As…as… 象…一样
-- As strong as horse / as white as snow
The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real.
Length n.长度, 长
go to great(considerable, any) lengths to do… 竭尽全力做…
-- He go to great lengths to pass the examination.
Real adj.真实的（以实际或真实状态存在或发生的）
-- real objects 真的物件 / a real illness 真的疾病
-- real people 真实的人 / a real problem一个真实的问题
-- a film based on real life 一部以真实生活为基础的影片
Real adj.天然的, 非人工或假造的 （= Genuine）
-- This ring is real gold. = This ring is genuine gold. 这枚戒指是真金的。
Genuine（adj.正品的非伪造的, 非假冒的）
反义词：Fake（adj.伪造的, 捏造的 n.捏造者, 冒牌货, 赝品）
-- Is this a genuine vase? No, it is a fake.
True adj.真实的（与事实或现实一致的、相符合的）
-- Only parts of his story are true.
反义词：False adj.虚伪的, 假的（与真理或事实相反的）
-- false tales of bravery. 不真实的英勇故事
As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a
deep impression in the glass. It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.
Pass = by 走过
It take sb sometimes to do sth. 某事花费某人多少时间
-- It took me two months to read the book.
Get rid of 摆脱, 除去
Cure vt.治愈
-- to cure a patient 治愈病人
-- I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder. 我希望医生能治好我肩上的疼痛。
Get rid of = cure
-- I have tried all sorts of medicine to get rid of this cold.
Get rid of = pay off 还清
-- He can never get rid of his debts.
Get rid of = wash off 洗刷掉 （stain n.污点, 瑕疵）
-- He thought I can never wash off this stains.
The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches. I examined one of the
pens closely. It certainly looked genuine.
The next man to approach me 第二个走近我的人
At the base of the gold cap, the words‘made in the U. S. A.’had been neatly inscribed.
At the base of… 在…的低部
The man said that the pen was worth ￡50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it
for ￡30.
as a special favor 做为一种特殊的优惠
for 出…价钱
tradesman n.零售商, 工匠
As a special favor, the tradesman would let me have the watch for ￡20.
I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay ￡5.
Indicating… 意思是说… （现在分词做状语）
I held up ten fingers indicating that I was willing to pay $10.
Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually
reduced the price to ￡10.
Gesticulating现在分词做伴随状语
Act as if… 行为、举止好象…（as if = as though）
-- He acted as if he has never lived in England before.
Outrageous adj.令人不能容忍的, 令人震惊的, 令人愤慨的
Eventually adv.最后, 终于（= at last）
Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and
thrust the pen into my hands.
Shrugging现在分词做伴随状语
Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the ￡5 I gave him.
Keep doing sth. 不断地做某事
in despair 绝望的
readily（adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地） = willingly（adv.心甘情愿的, 欣然的, 自愿的）
I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain ---- until I got back to the ship.
Be pleased with = be satisfied with 对...感到满意
No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this
day it has never written a single word!
No matter how = however（conj.不管用何种方法 adv.无论如何）
fill with 使充满
to this day = up to now = until now = till now = so far 到现在为止, 迄今
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1>B merchandise n.商品, 货物（= goods）
-- lay out 摆开, 展示
2>C pester（vt.使烦恼, 纠缠）= assail（vt.攻击, 困扰）
3>B 4>D 5>C 6>A 7>D
8>C
resist vt.抵抗, 反抗
-- resist aggression 抵抗侵略 / resist heat 耐热
-- resist temptation 抵制引诱
-- I was unable to resist laughing. 我忍不住笑了。
9>C
afterwards adv.然后, 后来地（可以单独使用）
-- soon afterwards, shortly afterwards
after adv.在后, 后来（不能单独使用）
-- two days after
later adv.后来, 过后
-- I will see you later. 等会儿再见。
-- But some time later it began to rain. 但过了些时候开始下雨了。
The later 后者
10>B intend to do 打算做某事
11>B
irritating adj.使愤怒的, 使人不愉快的
outrageous adj.无耻的, 可恶的, 令人不可容忍的（= preposterous）
preposterous adj.荒谬的, 可笑的
-- That‘s a preposterous excuse! 那是一个荒谬的藉口!
-- What a preposterous idea! 多么荒谬的想法!
-- a preposterous old woman 一位可笑的老妇人
hilarious adj.热闹的, 高兴的, 狂欢的
unspeakable adj.无法形容的,不能以言语表达的,可怕的,坏透了的
= terrible adj.很糟的, 极坏的
12>A No matter how = however
Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑？ 本课的flash不全
New words and expression 生词和短语
Largely adv.在很大程度上
-- His success was largely due to luck.
Universal adj.普遍的
universal agent n.全权代理人
universal time n.(= Greenwich Time)世界时间,格林尼治时
universal joint n.[机]万向接头
万向接头：一种接头或连轴节，能使互相不在一条线上的机械零件在传输旋转运动时在任意方向上具有有限的运动自由度。
Universality n.普遍性, 一般性, 多方面性, 广泛性
Universally adv.普遍地, 全体地, 到处
-- Acknowledged adj.公认的
-- It’s universally acknowledged that English is get more and more important.
Universe n.宇宙, 世界, 万物
Comic adj.喜剧的, 可笑的
Comedian n.滑稽演员, 喜剧演员
Comedy n.喜剧, 喜剧性的事情
-- Tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的
-- Tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案, 悲惨, 灾难
-- Tragedian n.悲剧演员, 悲剧作家
Distasteful adj.讨厌的 （adv. distastefully）
Unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的, 讨厌的
Displeasing adj.使人不愉快的, 令人发火的
-- The idea is distasteful to me.
Pester v.一再要求, 纠缠 （assail vt.攻击, 困扰）
pester sb. to do sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
pester sb. with sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
-- He continually pesters his boss with demands.
pester sb. for sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
-- Don’t pester me for the trifle.（n.小事, 琐事, 微不足道的东西）
Dread v.惧怕
Dread + 名词, 动名词, 动词不定式
-- We were dreading his arrival. 我们正担心他来呢！
-- He dreaded having to meet his parents.
-- I dread to think what will happen if he finds out.
Dreadful adj.令人恐惧的, 令人不快的
-- a dreadful disaster 可怕的灾难
dreaded adj.感到恐惧的
in dread of…. 害怕某人[某事]
-- We are in dread of insects.（insect n.昆虫）
terrify vt.使恐怖, 恐吓
horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇
fear v.害怕, 畏惧, 为...担心
Recovery n.康复
Plaster n.熟石膏
console v.安慰, 慰问
-- Grief n.悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤
-- He is consoling his friend in grief for the loss of child.
hobble v.瘸着腿走
-- I hurt my foot while getting off the bus, and had to hobble home.
我在下公共汽车时脚受了伤, 只好一拐一拐地走回家。
Hobble n.困难, 窘惑
-- be in (get into) a hobble 陷于窘境
compensate v.补偿
to compensate sb. For 为…向某人赔偿
-- Nothing can compensate the young mother for the loss of her favrourite daughter.
年轻的妈妈丧失了自己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了的。
Compensate v.酬报（for）
-- The company compensates her for extra work. 公司因她的额外工作而给她报酬。
mumble v.喃喃而语
-- He mumbled sth. to me but I could not hear what he said.
他对我咕哝了几句，可是我没听清他说的什么。
mumbler n.说话含糊的人
basis n.基础, 基本, 根据
basic adj.基本的 n.基本, 要素, 基础 n.[计]BASIC语言, 基本高级语言
bring up 教育, 养育
mysteriously adv.神秘的
bind vt.vi.（bound, bound, binding）缚, 绑
-- be bound up with 与...有密切关系
sense n.意思, 意义 n.感觉, 知觉, 感知
characteristic n.特性, 特征
Russian n.俄国人, 俄语 adj.俄国的, 俄国人的, 俄语的
Situation n.情形, 境遇
-- Comic situation 喜剧情节
appeal n.魅力, 吸引力, 感染力
stem vi.[美]起源, 发生 n.【植】茎, 干, 花梗, 叶柄
tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的
violent adj.猛烈的, 狂暴的, 剧烈的
-- a violent death 横死, 暴死
judge vi.下判断, 作出裁判
celebration n.庆祝, 庆典
eve n.前夕, 前日 n.节日的前夜（-- New Year‘s Eve除夕）
n.（重大事件的）前夕（-- on the eve of the great war 大战前夕）
Text 课文
What is the basis of‘sick’humour?
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.
The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.
A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.
I found it difficult to finish the work in a day.
It was difficult not to be attempted.
In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make
an Englishman laugh to tears.
Most funny stories are based on comic situations.
be based upon… 基于…
-- This news report is based entirely on fact. 这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。
In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.
No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin‘s
early films.
However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into
fashion.
stem from 源自, 起源于
-- His feeling of hate stem from envy.（n.羡慕, 妒嫉）
-- Her interest in flowers stemmed from her childhood in the country.
stem from 源自, 起源于
= come from 出身于, 由...引起, 是...的结果, 是在...生长大的
= arise from 由...而引起, 由...而产生
= originate from 由某人发起(首创)
Originate vi.发源, 开始, 发生
-- The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding. 争吵是由于误解而引起的。
-- The film originated from a short story. 这部电影取材于一篇短篇小说。
Originate vt.使产生, 创始, 创办, 发明, 发起, 引起
-- They originated the plan. 他们首先提出这一计划。
come into fashion 流行起来, 开始风行
come into power (开始)掌权, 上台
call into being 使产生, 使出现, 建立, 成立
It is called‘sick humour’.
Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.
Many people find this sort of joke distasteful.
The following example of‘sick humour’will enable you to judge for yourself.
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.
From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he
would be able to go home.
He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.
Dread to do = dread doing
Though the doctor did his best, the patient‘s recovery was slow.
On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.
He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.
Miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜
A miserable day = a terrible day
think of 考虑, 设想, 想象
-- When I saw you I thought of my sister
think of doing sth
-- He is thinking of setting a school.
Spend time doing sth.
By通过某种方式
-- I arrive here by train.
The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being
able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good.
Chance在表达机会这个概念的时候, 经常采用复数形式。
One’s chances of doing sth are good 某人做某事的可能性很大
-- My chances of passing the examination are good.
-- His chances of being dismissed are good.
remote adj.遥远的, 偏僻的
adj.极小的, 细微的, 模糊的（= slight adj.轻微的, 微小的）
One’s chances of doing sth are remote 某人做某事的可能性很小
-- His chances of arriving here by bicycle are remote.
The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year‘s Eve he was able to hobble along to a
party.
take heart 鼓起勇气, 打起精神
-- He took heart when he got the good news.
lose heart 灰心, 泄气
-- If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock they will lose heart.
To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him.
To = in order to
More than… 超出…范围
-- The cake is more than I can eat.
More than后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句, 从句中常见的形容词有：necessary, good,
Possible, anticipate, expect, feel, suggest, report, require, think.
-- The man drank a little more than was good for him. = The man drank a little more than what was good for him.
-- There were more accidents than (what) was reported.
-- He eats more than (what/it) is good for him.
As后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句
-- He arrived as I expected. = He arrived as (what) was expected.
-- He eats as much as (what/it) is good for him.
-- The man drank as much as (what) was good for him.
比较：
1>-- He eats more than is good for him. 他总是吃的正好。
-- He eats as much as is good for him. 他总是吃的过多。
2>-- The man drank a little more than was good for him.
-- The man drank as much as was good for him.
委婉的表达方式：
The man drank a little more than was good for him.
She is quite fat. = She isn’t right fat.（Right adv.正确的, 合适的, 恰当的）
In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated
hospitals.
in the process of… 在...的过程中
In the process = during the party（上文中的party） 27-04
-- Yesterday I went swimming. In the process, I have a very good time.
-- I was looking for your house and got lost in the process.
Keep telling = keep on telling
How much = To what extent
-- How much can I trust him? = To what extend can I trust him?
Extent n.程度, 范围, 广度, 宽度, 长度
He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on
a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
When = at that moment
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1>C the funny side of… …可笑方面的
fundamentally adv.基础地, 根本地
be related to… 与…有关系
2>B
3>A
point n.要点
taken 过去分词做后置定语
illustrate vt.阐明
4>A The French 法国人的总称
a French应改为a Frenchman（任意一个法国人）
a man in France 一个在法国的人
5>A
most adj.最多的, 多数的, 大部分的
adv.最, 最多, 很, 十分, 最, 最大的, 其中大多数, 极其
n.大多数, 大部分
-- most student
-- most of the student
majority n.（常与of连用）多数；半数以上
the majority of… 大多数…
-- The majority of children in our class have brown eyes. 我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛。
Mostly adv.主要地, 大部分, 通常
6>A
who had the right leg à who had had the right leg（应该用过去完成时）
7>B no sooner…than…
8>C by drinking
By通过某种手段 （是重点, 在损坏的部分）
9>D do one‘s best = try one‘s best 尽全力
10>D console = comfort vt.安慰, 藉慰
11>C how much = to what extend
at length（adv.最后, 详细地）= in detail（adv.详细地）
to one‘s cost 付出了代价才..., 吃亏后才...
-- Wasp’s stings are serious, as I know to my cost.
-- Wasp（n.黄蜂） Sting（n.刺, 刺痛, 针刺）
12>B
in the same way adv.同样地
to the same effect 以相同的意思
Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死
New words and expression 生词和短语
Labourer n.劳动者（劳工）
-- 强调使用体力, 而不是技能, 在户外工作。
Workman n.技工, 工匠
-- 具有某种工艺技能的半熟练工人
worker n.工人（泛指）
-- 具有更高水平的工人
-- white-collar worker 白领职员(指非体力劳动者)
-- blue-collar worker 蓝领工人(指体力劳动者)
-- a factory worker 工厂工人 / farm worker 雇农, 农业工人
farmhand（n.农业工人, 农场工人）= farm labourers = farm worker
Overnight adv.一夜期间
Hay n.干草
Corn n.谷物
-- Corn n.［英］谷物, 五谷, 小麦 ［美、加、澳］玉米 ［苏、爱］燕麦
Moonlight n.月光
Conscientious adj.认真的
Conscientious adj.尽责的, 凭良心的, 谨慎的
-- a conscientious teacher
-- a conscientious worker 勤勤恳恳的工作者
conscious adj.有意识的, 神志清醒的
-- He is hurt but still conscious. 他受了伤, 不过神志还清醒。
conscious adj.了解的, 察觉的
-- She was not conscious of his presence in the room. 她不晓得他在这房间里。
-- I was conscious of her presence. 我知道她在场。
Suspect v.怀疑
Suspect vt.怀疑, 猜疑, 疑心
-- I suspected her motives. 我怀疑她的动机。
Suspect sb to be
-- suspect him to be ill 猜想他病了
-- I suspect him to be a spy.
suspect sb of doing/n
-- I suspect him of stealing the car.
-- suspect sb. of giving false information 怀疑某人提供假情报
-- suspect sb. of a crime 怀疑某人犯罪
Suspect that…
-- I suspect that his girlfriend hide her true feelings.
-- We suspect they‘ll be a little late. 我们揣想他们会晚来一会儿。
Suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑
Suspicious adj.可疑的, 引起怀疑的
-- Cats are suspicious of human beings.
Suspect表示一种肯定的语义, Doubt 表示一种否定的语义
Doubt vt.怀疑, 不信, 拿不准（用 that, 往往表示非常怀疑）
-- I doubt the truth of it. 我怀疑它的真实性。
-- I doubt that he will come. 我看他不见得会来。
-- I doubt whether [if] he is at home. 我看他不一定在家。
-- I do not doubt (but) that he can recite it. 我相信他能把它背下来。
-- Can you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他会获胜吗?
-- I doubt what he said. 我不相信他说的话。
Doubtful adj.怀疑的；不信任的
-- It is doubtful that he will come.
Doubtable adj.可疑的, 令人怀疑的
Desert v.（军队中）开小差
-- The soldier deserted his army. 这个士兵开小差。
Desert vt.vi.遗弃, 抛弃, 舍弃（= abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃）
违背法律、道义、责任、信仰
-- desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family
Abandon vt.抛弃, 舍弃, 离弃（被迫放弃所喜爱的或所负责的东西）
-- He had to abandon his favorite research because of the war.
-- abandon one‘s home 离弃家园
-- He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.（research n.研究, 调查）
他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。
Forsake vt.(-sook, -saken )
舍弃, 放弃, 背弃, 和…脱离关系
-- He forsook his family.
-- He has forsaken his wife and children. 他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。
革除(旧风习等), 抛弃(坏习惯)
-- You must forsake your bad habits. 你必须革除你的坏习惯。
Discard vt.放弃, 丢弃, 抛弃（= give up as useless）
-- Everyday we discard a large amount of rubbish.
Regiment n.（军队）团
Action n.战斗
Recluse n.隐士
give up 放弃, 抛弃, 认输
labour n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工 v.劳动, 苦干
cowshed n.牛棚, 牛舍
oblige vt.迫使, 责成
Text 课文
Why did the two brothers keep the secret?
For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted.
Haunt vt.闹鬼
-- It is said that the public house was haunted.
Haunt vt.常去, 常到（某地）= visit somewhere every often
-- He haunted this cinema.
The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox.
Own = possess
They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long.
Be willing to do = be ready to do
Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story.
Every time = whenever 引导时间状语从句
-- Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.
= Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.
Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight.
Wake up to find that… 醒过来时, 结果发现…
-- He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a large crowd of people.
-- He hurried to the post office only to find that it was shut.（表示遗憾的结果用only）
Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night,
claimed to have seen a figurecutting corn in the moonlight.
claimed to do…
-- He claimed to have seen the puma.
-- Seamen claimed to have seen monsters.
See sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
Who引导非限定定语从句（lesson 08）
-- These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at Saint Bernard Monastery.
stay up 不睡觉, 留在原地，原地不动（= not to go to bed）
= sit up 坐起, 端坐, 熬夜
-- The boy sat up to see the film.
Wait up for 等候着不睡
-- Don’t wait up for me; I’ll be home very late.
burn the midnight oil 开夜车
-- I have to burn the midnight oil to tonight to complete work.
In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost
that did most of their work for them.
In time 最后, 终于
It became an accepted fact that… 变成了一个大家都接受的事实
That引导同位语从句, 补充说明fact。
-- It becomes an accepted fact that the puma is still at large.
= Everybody had already accepted the fact that the puma is still at large.
No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen.
Someone else who had never been seen.
This was indeed the case.
A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died.
Be astonished = be surprised
类似的词：amaze, astound
be astonished to do sth（可代替do的词：see, learn, hear, find, know, discover）
-- I am not surprised to see he is still as fat as before.
Everyone went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother
who was supposed to have died as a young man.
For(= as)引导原因状语从句, 对主句补充说明。
none other than = no other than 不是别的, 正是... （强调人）
-- The man who spoke to her was none other than her husband.
和她说话的不是别人正是她丈夫。
-- It was no other than my old friend.
nothing else than 只不过, 仅仅（强调事物）
-- His failure was due to nothing else than his own careless.
他的失败不因为其它原因, 仅仅因为他的粗心。
A third brother 又一位兄弟
Was supposed = was thought
-- He was supposed to have died twenty years ago.
After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years.
Keep secret 保密 （= keep sth to oneself）
Reveal secret 揭露秘密（= make known）
-- The press reveal the scandal.（n.丑事, 丑闻）（the press 新闻界）
-- He kept secret for a long time. = He kept it to himself for a long time.
Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers.
Very much中的Much用来加强语气
He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War.
Be obliged to do… = be force to do… 被迫做某事
Feel obliged to do… 有义务做某事
As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment.
When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him
until the end of the war.
He had been in hiding…
Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well.
Fearing the authorities 现在分词做原因状语从句
Concealment n.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐蔽处
in hiding（躲藏着的）= remain in concealment（隐藏着, 躲着）
-- He remained in hiding at home.
His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action.
The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob.
The only other people who knew the secret 仅知道这个秘密的人
The only other people who finished the work 仅完成这项工作的人
They did not even tell their wives.
When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding.
They thought it their duty to…（it是形式宾语）
-- I thought it very difficult to pass the examination.
-- We all think it our duty to support our parents.
动词 + 宾语（形式宾语it）+ 宾补(名词、形容词) + to do…
All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.
Quite unaware of… 形容词短语做状语
that引导同位语
unaware adj.不知道的, 没有觉察的(of, that)
-- be unaware of the danger 没有觉察到危险
-- He was unaware that I was present. 他不知道我在场。
aware adj.知道的, 明白的
-- I was not aware of the fire. 我没有意识到火。
When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.
his brothers found it impossible to… （动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 + to do…）
-- We found it quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.
= It is quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1>D
It never occurred to them that… 他们从来没有想到过…
2>A
penalty（n.处罚, 罚款）= punishment（n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处）
desertion n.丢掉, 遗弃, 逃亡, 开小差
3>D
outbreak n.(战争的)爆发, (疾病的)发作
bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏
4>B 5>C
6>B army life = life in the army 军队生活
school life = life in the school 学校生活
7>A 8>A
9>C with time 随着时间的推移
at the time 当时, 在那个时候
on time adv.准时
at times adv.有时, 不时
10>B
recruit vt. vi.招募（新兵）
-- to recruit new police officers 招募新的警官
吸收（新成员）
-- to recruit some new members 吸收新成员
conscript n.被征入伍的士兵 vt.征募, 征兵, 征召（美语用draft）
-- He was conscript into the army.
Regiment n.团, 大群 v.把...编组, 把...编成团, 管辖
Regiment n.〈军〉团
-- The regiment was ordered to the front. 这个团被调往前线。
（常与of连用）大群；大量
-- a regiment of ducks 一大群鸭子
Regiment vt.管辖, 严格控制
-- Modern children don‘t like being regimented. 现代的儿童不喜欢受严格的控制。
11>D hermit n.隐士, 隐居者
12>A
realizing = become aware of
never realizing = quite unaware of
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